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Description
Dicraeosaurus hansemanni (Hansemann’s bifurcated reptile) was a small sauropod that lived in what is now East Africa during the Late Jurassic. Its remains were first unearthed in a German expedition in 1914, from the Middle Dinosaur Member (“Middle Saurian Marl”) of the Tendaguru Formation in southeast Tanzania.
The type individual comprised a well preserved partial skeleton, the majority of which was found in natural articulation, consisting of a series of vertebrae from the second cervical to the 19th caudal, three isolated middle caudals, ribs, chevrons, pelvic girdle, both femora, and the left lower leg. Additional remains from other sites included cranial material, the middle to distal portions of the tail, scapula and coracoids, and humeri, making D. hansemanni among the most complete sauropod taxa so far with nearly all portions of its body represented.
Dicraeosaurus, like the other members of its clade, the Dicraeosauridae, were specialised low browsers. They possessed reduced necks compared to most other sauropods, and some forms, including Dicraeosaurus, possessed osteological features that would have given them a horizontal habitual neck pose in life, as opposed to other sauropods which most likely held their necks high.
Missing portions were restored based on Bajadasaurus and Dicraeosaurus sattleri. Parts with insufficient data or mentioned only in text are in light grey.
Reconstructed dimensions
References
Update log
The type individual comprised a well preserved partial skeleton, the majority of which was found in natural articulation, consisting of a series of vertebrae from the second cervical to the 19th caudal, three isolated middle caudals, ribs, chevrons, pelvic girdle, both femora, and the left lower leg. Additional remains from other sites included cranial material, the middle to distal portions of the tail, scapula and coracoids, and humeri, making D. hansemanni among the most complete sauropod taxa so far with nearly all portions of its body represented.
Dicraeosaurus, like the other members of its clade, the Dicraeosauridae, were specialised low browsers. They possessed reduced necks compared to most other sauropods, and some forms, including Dicraeosaurus, possessed osteological features that would have given them a horizontal habitual neck pose in life, as opposed to other sauropods which most likely held their necks high.
Missing portions were restored based on Bajadasaurus and Dicraeosaurus sattleri. Parts with insufficient data or mentioned only in text are in light grey.
Reconstructed dimensions
- Hip height: ~2.62 metres
- Back height: ~3.19 metres
- Shoulder height: ~2.44 metres
- Standing length: ~13.2 metres
- Axial length: ~13.95 metres
References
- Janensch, 1929, “Die Wirbelsäule der Gattung Dicraeosaurus”
- Janensch, 1936, “Die Schädel der Sauropoden Brachiosaurus, Barosaurus und Dicraeosaurus aus den Tendaguru-Schichten Deutsch-Ostafrikas”
- Janensch, 1961, “Die Gliedmaszen und Gliedmaszengürtel der Sauropoden der Tendaguru-Schichten”
- Schwarz-Wings & Böhm, 2014, “A morphometric approach to the specific separation of the humeri and femora of Dicraeosaurus from the Late Jurassic of Tendaguru, Tanzania”
- Gallina et al., 2019, “A new long-spined dinosaur from Patagonia sheds light on sauropod defense system”
- Photographs of mounted Dicraeosaurus skeleton (1, 2)
Update log
- 4/8/2022: Added clavicles and interclavicle.
Image size
5626x2516px 1.01 MB
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may i use this as a base to paint over?