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Q. What is a speculum, what are its various types, and how are they used in medical practice? Answer: A speculum is a medical instrument designed to gently separate bodily orifices or cavities, enabling visual inspection and physical access to internal tissues. It is most commonly used in gynecological examinations to view the vaginal canal and cervix, but specula are also designed for nasal, anal, and ear examinations. There are several types of specula, distinguished by their purpose and design: ° Vaginal Specula: Such as the Cusco's speculum (duck-bill shaped, self-retaining) and the Graves' speculum (wider blades for examination). ° Nasal Specula: Used for examining the inside of the nostrils. ° Rectal Specula: For visualizing the rectum, especially useful in proctological exams. ° Ear Specula: Tiny cones used during otoscopic exams to inspect the ear canal and eardrum. Each type is shaped according to the anatomy of the area to be examined and may vary in size to accommodate